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Invasive Bladder Cancer

Once all structure of the urothelium and lamina propria is lost it is impossible to say what the image represents, based only upon the Niris image. If the probe has been placed on a tumor, this most likely represents cancer that has invaded into and possibly through the muscularis. If the probe has been placed on an area of inflammation, or prior resection or treatment site, this may represent an abscess or necrotic tissue. Since all structure is absent in the image, one can only say that the tissue is uniform, either a solid tumor, or inflammation and/or necrosis. These three images are from three patients with invasive bladder cancer (T2 or greater).